柔性带差速挤压核桃脱壳性能试验

Performance Test of Walnut Shelling Using Flexible-belt and Differential Velocity Extrusion

摘要:

设计了核桃破壳取仁分离装置，但存在破壳不完全、碎壳未脱落的现象。为此利用装置中的柔性带差速挤压脱壳系统对核桃进一步脱壳取仁并对其效果进行分析。采用单因素试验方法分别探究上下带间距A、上下带速度差B及上工作带张紧力C对核桃脱壳效果的影响，进而设计正交试验，分析试验因素对脱壳取仁效果的影响。试验结果表明：对于一露仁率和二露仁率，影响顺序为C、A、B；对于碎仁率和未露仁率，影响顺序为A、C、B。在上下带间距为14mm、上下带速度差为0.19m/s、上工作带张紧力为231N的参数下脱壳效果最为理想，一露仁率、二露仁率、碎仁率、未露仁率分别为77%、16.7%、4.3%、2%，即脱壳率为98%，整仁率为93.7%。

Abstract:

A walnut shelling machine with functions of shell crushing, kernel taking and shellkernel separating was designed, which could increase the shellbroken rate and kernelunbroken rate. However, the problems of incomplete brokenshell and unhulling crushedshell were also remained. Thus, the flexiblebelt and differential velocity extrusion system was used to make the walnut kernel out and the effect of that operation was analyzed. The results showed that when the mean crack length was 20mm and the critical external force for crack extension was 191N, the cracks could be further extended. Onefactor test was carried out to explore the influences of the top and low section belt spacing (A), top and low section speed difference (B) and upper belt tension (C) on hulling, and the orthogonal experiment was carried out to analyze the influence of the above three factors. According to the experimental results, the influences on the first grade kernel rate and the second grade kernel rate were C＞A＞B, and for kernelbreaking rate and kernelunseen rate, A＞C＞B. When the top and low section belt spacing was 14mm, top and low section speed difference was 0.19m/s and upper belt tension was 231N, the hulling effect was optimal(hulling rate was 98% and kernelunbroken rate was 93.7%).