对辊半喂入式小区育种花生摘果装置设计与试验

Design and Experiment of Double-roller Semi-feeding Peanut Picking Device for Breeding in Mini Type Area

摘要:

花生小区育种涉及品种多、小区处理多、每小区产量小，且严格要求小区之间和品种之间的花生不能混杂。为解决小区花生育种收获中存在的人工摘果费工、费时、效率低且容易出现混杂等问题，提出了半喂入式花生摘果装置总体方案：采用差相组配的对辊结构、回转直径可调节的直杆式、弓齿式和矩形齿式作为摘果元件，进行了花生摘果辊与摘果元件的结构与参数设计，研制出一种小型对辊半喂入式小区育种花生摘果装置。以辽宁省主栽的花生品种“花育30”为试验材料，对3种摘果元件的摘果性能进行了试验研究，结果表明矩形齿式摘果元件摘果效果最佳；以摘果对辊重叠距离、摘果对辊差相角和摘果对辊转速为试验因素，以花生摘净率、损伤率为试验指标，通过正交试验表明：摘果对辊重叠距离为10mm、摘果对辊差相角为45°、摘果对辊转速为400r/min时，花生摘果综合指标最优，摘净率为98.96%，荚果损伤率为1.03%。

Abstract:

Peanut breeding in mini area has the characteristics of various varieties, many deals in mini area, little yield and no mixed peanut in mini area and in variety. In order to solve the problems of time and working consuming, lower efficacy and easy to mix in artificial harvesting, an overall scheme of semifeeding peanut picking device was proposed. The structure of staggered matched stack form and the picking parts, including reinforced type, bow tooth and rectangular tooth with adjustable swing diameters were adopted. The structure and parameters of peanuts picking parts were designed. Preliminary experiment was carried out for choosing eventual form of picking parts. The main peanut varieties “huayu30” in Liaoning province were selected as test materials, through orthogonal experiment analysis, the three parameters: picking roller rotating speed, angle of picking roller and overlap distance of picking roller were selected as experimental factors, peanut picking rate and peanut breaking rate were selected as experimental indexes. The structure and working parameter of threshing performance were optimized. Experimental results indicated that picking roller rotating speed, angle of picking roller and the overlap distance of picking roller all had significant impact on peanut picking rate and peanut breaking rate. The most optimum combination index of the picking roller rotating speed was 400r/min, the angle of picking roller was 45° and the overlap distance of picking roller was 10mm. The results of the analysis of the peanut picking rate was 9896% and the peanut breaking rate was 1.03%.