膜下滴灌水肥耦合对葡萄生长发育、产量和品质的影响

Effects of Water and Fertilizer Coupling on Growth, Yield and Quality of Grape under Drip Irrigation with Film Mulching

摘要:

以‘寒香蜜’葡萄为试材，开展田间膜下滴灌施肥试验，探讨膜下滴灌水肥耦合对葡萄生长发育、产量及其品质的影响。其中，灌水量设置4个水平，分别为180 (W1)、270 (W2)、360 (W3)、450mm (W4)；施肥量设置4个水平，分别为N 150kg/hm2+ P2O5 120kg/hm2+ K2O 165kg/hm2（F1）、N 225kg/hm2+ P2O5 180kg/hm2+ K2O 248kg/hm2（F2）、N 300kg/hm2+ P2O5 240kg/hm2+ K2O 330kg/hm2（F3）、N 450kg/hm2+ P2O5 360kg/hm2+ K2O 495kg/hm2（F4），共计16个处理。试验结果表明，在灌水量为W2（270mm）及施肥量为F2（N 225kg/hm2+ P2O5 180kg/hm2+ K2O 248kg/hm2）的组合处理下，葡萄新梢生长效果较好，叶片叶绿素含量在整个生育期均处于较高水平，于新梢生长期、开花期、果实膨大期和果实着色期分别达到3.28、3.77、3.65、3.53mg/g；F3W4处理果形指数最高，但除F1W1和F1W2处理外，其他各处理间差异均不显著。此外，果实产量和品质指标表明，虽然F2W2处理对应的葡萄果实产量并不是最高，但其与产量最高的F2W3处理间差异并不显著，且F2W2处理果实品质较理想，其果实可溶性固形物含量最高，达到19.64%，果实可溶性糖质量分数和果实硬度也较优，分别为17.00%和0.71kg/cm2。综合分析结果表明，F2W2水肥组合对稳定葡萄产量和改善果实品质有积极的意义。

Abstract:

Water and fertilizer are the two important material resources in agricultural production, which are closely related to the yield and quality of crop. In order to discuss the effects of water and fertilizer coupling on growth, yield and quality of grape under drip irrigation with film mulching, the experiment of fertilization under drip irrigation with film mulching was conducted in plastic greenhouse. There were four irrigation levels with irrigation depth of 180mm (W1), 270mm (W2), 360mm (W3) and 450mm (W4), respectively; and four fertilization levels, including N 150kg/hm2+ P2O5 120kg/hm2+ K2O 165kg/hm2 (F1), N 225kg/hm2+ P2O5 180kg/hm2+ K2O 248kg/hm2 (F2), N 300kg/hm2+ P2O5 240kg/hm2+ K2O 330kg/hm2 (F3) and N 450kg/hm2+ P2O5 360kg/hm2+ K2O 495kg/hm2 (F4). A total of 16 treatments were designed. The experimental results showed that the new shoots of grape plant under the treatment F2 with W2 grew better among the treatments, and the chlorophyll content in grape leaves was at a high level in the whole growth period, which was 3.28mg/g, 3.77mg/g,3.65mg/g and 3.53mg/g at new shoots growth, anthesis, fruit enlargement and fruit coloring stages, respectively. The fruit shape index of treatment F3 coupled with W4 was the highest among all treatments; however, the differences between each other groups were not significant except treatments F1W1 and F1W2. In addition, the analysis of fruit yield and quality indicated that the grape fruit yield of treatment F2W2 was not the highest, but there was no significant difference between the yield of treatments F2W2 and F2W3, which got the highest yield. Besides, the fruit quality of treatment F2W2 was more perfect compared with the other treatments. The soluble solids content of fruit of treatment F2W2 was the highest among all treatments, which reached 19.64%. The soluble sugar content and hardness index of fruit of treatment F2W2 also showed advantage, which were 17.00% and0.71kg/cm2, respectively. Comprehensive analysis results showed that the fertilizer application rate of treatment F2 coupled with irrigation depth of treatment W2 had a positive significance on increasing yield and improving quality of grape fruit.