外源微生物对苦参基质化发酵腐熟效果的影响

Effects of Exogenous Microorganisms on Fermentation Efficiency of Sophora Flavescens Branches for Substrate Production

摘要:

为探讨外源微生物对苦参枝屑基质化发酵堆体腐熟效果的影响，采用随机区组设计，以干燥鸡粪为氮源，进行接种外源微生物对苦参枝屑基质化发酵过程中发酵性能参数的影响试验。结果表明：接种粗纤维降解菌和纤维素类酶制剂堆体升温速度显著快于对照，高温持续时间较长（高于50℃，均达到5d），苦参堆体腐熟时间缩短；至堆体结束后接种粗纤维降解菌和纤维素类酶制剂堆体TOC分别下降了8.52%和8.01%，碳氮比分别降低5.35%和5.00%，纤维素质量分数分别下降了3.31%和3.29%，半纤维素降解率分别下降了2.89%和2.93%，木质素分别下降了2.01%和1.98，总氮分别增加了18.2%和16.1%，总磷分别增加了19.0%和18.5%，总钾分别增加了48.1%和49.1%，加速了苦参基质有机质的分解和纤维素降解，提高了堆肥腐熟进程中的总氮、总磷和总钾含量，保证了腐熟后的肥力；接种粗纤维降解菌和纤维素类酶制剂堆体容重分别增加了6.10%和9.20%，总孔隙度分别增加了9.28%和9.90%，持水孔隙度分别增加了4.83%和6.09%，腐熟后的各项理化指标均符合理想基质的要求；小白菜和黄瓜种子发芽指数均达到85%以上，有效消除了苦参腐解产物的毒害作用。接种粗纤维降解菌和纤维素类酶制剂堆体的发酵性能参数间无显著差异，综合基质发酵温度、腐熟周期及基质保护作物根系生长及固定植株的功能对基质各项理化性质的要求，接种粗纤维降解菌和纤维素类酶制剂对苦参基质堆体基质化促进效果较优。

Abstract:

The study aimed to investigate the effects of exogenous microorganisms on fermentation efficiency of Sophora flavescens branches for substrate production. The randomized block design was used with dried chicken manure as the nitrogen source. The effects of exogenous microorganisms on fermentation performance parameters of Sophora flavescens branches in substrate production were studied. The results showed that the vaccination crude fiber degrading bacteria inoculation and cellulose enzyme preparation, which had a persistent high temperature (higher than 50℃ and reached to 5d) and a shorter body decomposition time of Sophora flavescens, had a significant temperature increasing speed which faster than CK. At the end of the pile, for the vaccination crude fiber degrading bacteria inoculation and cellulose enzyme preparation, the TOC decreased by 8.52% and 8.01%, C/N ratio decreased by 5.35% and 5.00%, content of cellulose decreased by 3.31% and 3.29%, degradation rate of hemicellulose decreased by 2.89% and 2.93%, lignin content decreased by 2.01% and 1.98%, total nitrogen increased by 16.1% and 18.2%, total phosphorus increased by 18.5% and 19.0%, total potassium increased by 49.1% and 48.1%, respectively, which accelerated the decomposition of organic matter and cellulose, improved the content of total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium and ensured the fertility after maturity. Moreover, with the vaccination crude fiber degrading bacteria inoculation and cellulose enzyme preparation, the pile density increased by 6.10% and 9.20%, the total porosity increased by 9.28% and 9.90%, the water holding porosity increased by 4.83% and 6.09%, respectively. After the maturity, the physical and chemical indicators were in line with the requirements of an ideal matrix. The germination index (GI) of cabbage and cucumber seed were up to more than 85%, eliminating the toxic effects of Sophora decomposing products effectively. There was no significant difference between the performance parameters of vaccination crude fiber degrading bacteria inoculation and cellulose enzyme preparation. Considering the demanding of fermentation temperature, decomposition cycle, crop protected plant root growth and fixed function of the physicochemical properties, the vaccination crude fiber degrading bacteria inoculation and cellulose enzyme preparation had a good promoting effect on Sophora flavescens substrate.