果园风送式喷雾机防治效果试验

Experiment on Control Effect of Different Pesticide Concentration Using Air-assisted Sprayer

摘要:

为明确风送条件下不同农药制剂浓度对病虫害防治效果的影响，以虫口减退率和病情指数为指标，测试2种农药对梨蚜虫、梨黑斑病的田间防治效果；同时利用荧光试剂研究雾滴在冠层内的沉积分布，提出适应风送式施药的药液质量浓度范围。结果表明：果园风送喷雾机行驶速度1m/s、风机转速1200r/min、单侧流量7.2L/min工作条件下，喷施药液量为0.24L/棵，比人工喷施减少药量33.3%。风送式喷施0.4g/L的10%吡虫啉防治梨蚜虫，14d后防效可以达到人工喷施0.8g/L农药防治效果，药剂质量为0.096g/棵，为人工施药的1/3。风送式喷雾防治效果随药液质量浓度增加而提高。风送式喷施0.75g/L、1.0g/L、1.5g/L 3种质量浓度的75%百菌清防治梨黑〖JP2〗斑病，第14天防效为46.52%、44.46%、55.63%，防效均显著优于人工喷施1.0g/L质量浓度的农药。喷施0.75g/L农药的药剂用量为0.18g/棵，为人工施药时的1/2。风送式施药雾滴空间分布情况更好，可以参考人工作业减少1/3药液喷施量，同时适当增加药液质量浓度以求达到更好防效，实际喷施药剂量建议为人工作业的1/3~1/2。

Abstract:

To define different effects of several concentrations pesticide for pest prevention under air assisted spraying condition, pest population decline rate and disease index were used to test effects of two kinds pesticide which were applied to pear aphids and pear black spot. Furthermore, the droplets distribution inside the canopy was also analyzed with Brilliant sulfaflavine, and the reasonable range of pesticide concentration for air-assisted spraying application was proposed. The results showed that: the amount of pesticide was 0.24L per tree, which was decreased by 33.3% compared to artificial spraying under the condition that the sprayer speed was 1m/s, the rotary speed of fan was 1200r/min, and the wind flow was 7.2L/min in one side. Compared to artificial spraying, air-assisted spraying application can achieve better control effect with the same quality of pesticides. The distribution of droplets under air-assisted condition was better than traditional way, and the amount of pesticide was suggested 1/3 that of artificial spraying, at the same time, the concentration could be increased properly in order to reach better effect, and the actual pesticide mass was suggested 1/3～1/2 that of artificial spraying.