水稻直播机气吹辅助勺轮式排种器设计与试验

Design and Experiment on Rice Hill Seeder with Air-blowing Special Hole and Scoop-wheel

摘要:

为满足水稻直播精量排种的需要，在勺轮式排种器基础上，设计了一种气吹异形孔勺轮式水稻穴播排种器。在确定最佳排种转速与最佳清种方式情况下，用4种不同型孔的排种盘，与不同气吹压力和气吹角度相配合，对培两优98与Ⅱ优8006，2种杂交水稻进行穴播排种试验。试验结果表明：2种稻种在4个型孔下的各项排种指标均达穴播要求，坡状型孔的穴粒合格率和穴距合格率两项指标在4种型孔中最优，梯形孔的穴距标准差和穴距变异系数两项指标在4种型孔中最优。气吹压力范围在1～1.05kPa之间，气吹角度在40°～45°之间，4种型孔穴粒合格率可达93%以上，穴距合格率可达92%以上。通过水稻直播机样机田间试验，验证了排种器和直播机设计参数的准确性和整机传动的可行性，排种性能满足水稻穴直播的农艺要求。

Abstract:

In order to meet the need of precision rice drilling, the rice hill seeder was designed with the air-blowing special hole and scoop-wheel based on the scoop-wheel seeder. With the optimum metering speed and optimum cleaning way, the seeding plates with four kinds of seeding holes were matched with different air-blowing pressures and air-blowing angles. The seeding tests were conducted on two kinds of hybrid rice, Peiliangyou98 andⅡyou8006. The test results indicated that the seeding performance of both two kinds of rice met the hill seeding requirements with the different seeding holes. The successful rate of hill seed number and hill distance of wavy shape hole were better than the others. The standard deviation and variation coefficient of hill distance in trapezoidal hole were better than the others. In addition, the qualified rate of hill seed number achieved above 93% and hill distance achieved above 92% under the condition of the air blowing pressure of 1～1.05kPa, and the air blowing angle of 40°～ 45°. The whole farmland experiments on prototype verified the accuracy of designed parameters for seed sowing device. The metering performance could meet the agronomic requirements of rice direct seeding.