轮作条件下秸秆施用方式对农田水分及作物产量的影响

Effects of Different Straw Utilization on Farmland Moisture and Crop Yield with Rotation of Summer Maize and Winter Wheat

摘要:

通过小区试验，研究了粉碎、氨化秸秆以及与无机土壤改良剂（硫酸钙）混合配施措施对土壤水分及作物产量的影响。结果表明，氨化秸秆利于提高土壤对降水的保蓄能力，显著增加0~100 cm土层土壤蓄水量。在夏玉米-冬小麦轮作中，氨化秸秆提高土壤蓄水能力主要反映在夏玉米苗期和冬小麦抽穗期。粉碎秸秆氨化与硫酸钙处理的夏玉米、冬小麦水分利用效率分别较粉碎秸秆覆盖提高了4.97%、30.32%，效果显著。氨化秸秆施入土壤的措施较未氨化秸秆覆盖还田的措施夏玉米、冬小麦产量分别提高4.56%~10.00%和6.65%~11.12%。

关键词:秸秆;轮作;农田水分;作物产量;水分利用效率

Abstract:

Field plot experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of the powdered, ammoniated straw and/or blending with inorganic soil amendment (calcium sulfate) on soil moisture and crop yields in summer maize and winter wheat rotation systems. The results showed that the ammoniated straw could improve soil storage ability for precipitation, compared with CK1, and significantly increase the soil water storage (0~100 cm). The ammoniated straw improving soil water storage ability was observed mainly in seedling stage of summer maize and heading stage of winter wheat in the crops rotation spectively. Treatment, the powdered and ammoniated straw blended with calcium sulfate, compared with CK1, could significantly increase ecnomic yield of summer maize, winter wheat by 4.97% and 30.32%, respectively. The ammoniated straw returned to soil,compared with the unammoniated straw mulched soil, could distinctly increase yields of summer maize, winter wheat by 4.56%~10.00% and 6.65%~11.12%. 

Key words:Straw;Crop rotation;Farmland moisture;Crop yields;Water use efficiency