车辆液压减振器设计理论与仿真

Design and Simulation of Vehicle Shock Absorber

摘要:

从理论上研究了局部节流损失、沿程节流损失、起始段填充和常通孔等影响因素，建立了减振器开阀后的节流公式。研究了阀片与弹簧座的3种接触方式：集中接触、部分受液压作用的分布接触和全部受液压作用的分布接触，并基于板壳理论建立了相应的阀片变形计算公式。完成了阻尼力-速度特性测试，获得了节流通道的压力-速度特性曲线，验证了瞬态双向流固耦合分析的仿真结果；采用流固耦合仿真分析了阀片应力和位移分布、筒内流场分布及其变化特点，与Java数值计算的理论结果吻合。

Abstract:

Considering the local head loss, the frictional head loss, rod padding effect and throttle orifice flow effect, shock absorber throttle formula after the valve opening were analyzed. Three contact types between valve disc and spring seat were investigated, which were circumference line contact, circumference surface contact with entirely hydraulic pressure subjection, and circumference surface contact with partially hydraulic pressure subjection. Corresponding valve disc deformation calculations were established based on the theory of shells and the finite element. The test of damping force vs velocity characteristic was finished, and the curve of pressure vs velocity characteristic at throttle was obtained. It verified the rationality of the transient fluid-structure interaction simulation (FSI). The distribution and the history of the valve disc deformation and the fluid field gained from FSI simulations coincided with Java numerical simulation from theoretic method.