微咸水造墒条件下植棉方式对产量与土壤水盐的影响

Effects of Different Planting Patterns on Cotton Yield and Soil Water-salt under Brackish Water Irrigation before Sowing

摘要:

采用小区对比试验，研究了5g/L微咸水造墒条件下不同种植方式（基质育苗移栽覆膜、沙培育苗移栽覆膜、点播覆膜与基质育苗移栽不覆膜、沙培育苗移栽不覆膜、点播不覆膜）对棉花土壤水盐变化过程、成苗率、叶面积指数、产量以及纤维品质的影响。结果表明，地膜覆盖通过减少土壤蒸发、提高土壤温度和抑制盐分表聚，削弱了盐分胁迫对棉花的危害程度，棉花的成苗率、花铃期前的叶面积指数、霜前花率以及产量均高于无覆盖处理，同时有效地提高了棉花的纤维品质；基质育苗移栽和沙培育苗移栽技术呈现了一定的增产潜力，尤其是在棉花生长中后期连阴天较多的2011年，育苗移栽棉花增产效果显著。

Abstract:

Effects of six planting patterns on cotton soil water-salt movement, seedling rate, leaf area index, yield and fiber quality under irrigation before sowing with 5g/L brackish water were studied by plot comparative trial. The planting patterns were respectively seeding raising and soil-substrate transplanting with plastic mulching, seeding raising in sand and root-naked transplanting with plastic mulching, seeding raising and soil-substrate transplanting without plastic mulching, seeding raising in sand and root-naked transplanting without plastic mulching, and bunch planting without plastic mulching. The results showed that salt stress towards cotton was reduced by applying plastic film mulching to decrease soil evaporation, improve soil temperature as well as inhibit salt accumulation in surface. Under the film mulching conditions, the cotton seedling rate, leaf area index before blossoming and boll forming stage, pre-frost yield and yield were higher than that without plastic mulching. Fiber quality was also improved. The techniques of seeding raising and soil-substrate transplanting and seeding raising in sand and root-naked transplanting showed a good yield-increasing potential. Especially during the successive overcast days in the middle-late stages of cotton (in 2011), the yield of seedling transplantation cotton was greatly improved. 