挖掘机仿生斗齿土壤切削试验与减阻机理研究

Experiment and Drag Reduction Mechanism of Bionic Excavator Tooth during Soil Cutting

摘要:

模仿蝼蛄爪趾形态设计了挖掘机斗齿。使用多项式拟合方法对爪趾的侧面轮廓线进行拟合，利用快速成型设备制造仿生斗齿样件。通过土壤切削试验，测定了仿生斗齿和JL80斗齿试样的土壤切削阻力。试验结果显示，仿生斗齿切削时受到的土壤阻力较原形斗齿降低约11%。分析表明，仿生斗齿易形成“自刃尖”，保持斗齿整体切削性能，且可在不改变挖掘机设计与工况的条件下，减小切削角，实现减阻。

Abstract:

A bionic excavator tooth was developed, which is bio-inspired and based on the morphology of the toe of mole cricket foreleg claw. The profile line of the mole cricket’s toe was fitted by using polynomial fitting method. The bionic tooth specimens were fabricated by a rapid prototyping machine. The cutting resistances of the bionic tooth and JL80 tooth specimens were measured during soil cutting. The experimental results show that the cutting resistances of bionic tooth is about 11% lower than that of JL80 tooth. The force analysis indicates that the bionic tooth is more likely to form self-sharpening blade so that the cutting performance of the tooth can be maintained. Besides, the bionic tooth is convenient for reducing the cutting angle, which can help for the reduction of cutting resistance, without changing the design and working condition of the excavator.